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Dry-stone walls, Derbyshire April 6, 2009

Posted by shortfinals in British Isles, Derbyshire, England, New England, Peak District, Prehistory.
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Drystone walls, Derbyshire
Dry-stone walls, Derbyshire

Since Neolithic times, herders of sheep and cattle have sought to construct sheep folds and cattle pens to defend their livestock against predators. They also wished to define the limits of their own fields. Planting thorn hedges worked to an extent, but in harsh weather a dry-stone wall is best.

The modern dry-stone wall still has its place in agriculture and in garden design and architecture, too. You can find walls like these all over the UK and in many countries including France, Germany and Sweden.
Here you see multiple dry-stone walls in the Derbyshire Peak District, in this case acting as field boundaries for cattle.  This is a very distinctive Derbyshire landscape.
The walls are constructed to a well-proven pattern. A foundation is laid across the base of the wall. Parallel walls are constructed on either side of the foundation, and these are wider at the base than at the top. At certain points, there are flat stones which  stretch across the whole width of the wall, and sometimes the top few courses have three stones which form a horizontal ‘key’ and interlock. The centre of the wall is filled with small stones and rubble, so that water can drain away.
The National Stone Centre at Middleton by Wirksworth, on the edge of the Peak District in Derbyshire, contains many fine examples of dry-stone walling. Indeed it is here that the Millenium Wall was constructed, in 19 sections by members of the Dry Stone Walling Association. The Millenium Wall shows the many different styles and types of dry-stone wall built in Great Britain. The National Stone Centre also conducts workshops and courses in dry-stone wall construction.
Dry-stone walls need attention, as frost can cause damage due to movement of the stones as the ice expands and then thaws. However, the life of a well-maintained wall is almost indefinite.
When I came to New England I was pleased to see many dry-stone walls (some over 200 years old) being used as field boundaries. It was a cultural link between my old home and my new one.
As an aside, my favourite cartoonist, the late, great, Carl Giles once drew a magnificent cartoon of his fictional ‘Giles Family’ in Derbyshire, as part of his actual tour around Great Britain in a mobile studio. The family were depicted as becoming stuck in their caravan on a narrow Peak District road, in the midst of a maze of dry stone walls, and yes, I’ve seen that happen!

Central Park, Clinton – not so much passive, as passive-aggressive? March 28, 2009

Posted by shortfinals in New England, United States, baseball, textiles.
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Sign, Central Park, Clinton, MA

Sign, Central Park, Clinton, MA

Clinton is a small city, in Worcester County in the western portion of Massachusetts, which was incorporated in 1850. It is about 42 miles from Boston, and therefore 30 miles from where I live. A visit to Clinton is usually most enjoyable, if you appreciate architectural design, as the prosperity of the 19th century caused by its booming textile industry (especially carpets), allowed the town to erect many impressive public buildings. Also, the housing stock contains fine examples of homes in the New England Victorian style. As an aside, it also is home to the oldest baseball diamond in continuous use in the world (dating from 1878), Fuller Field.

At the core of the town is Central Park, a fine public space with paths, seats, statuary and a fountain, which has many mature trees. The park is surrounded on three sides by a variety of notable homes, churches, the Town Hall and other buildings.  Like its much bigger and more famous counterpart in New York, Central Park should be a haven of rest, relaxation and recreation.

There is, however, one fly in the ointment. As you can see from the above notice, Central Park has been designated a ‘passive park for the enjoyment of all’, with the authorities banning virtually ALL forms of activity. No dogs allowed, no ball playing, no frisbee, no football, no soccer, no golf, no skateboards, no rollerblading, no bicycles, no swimming, no wading, no metal detectors, no littering. A couple of these are fairly standard (and useful) prohibitions, but the main aim of the city seems to be to forbid almost anything that makes a park a park! Not so much ‘passive’ as ‘passive-aggressive’, in my opinion.

Perhaps, on my next visit, I should enquire at the Town Hall to see if I can go into the park and breathe a little?

Town snowplough – ‘It’s The End Of The World As We Know It’ March 2, 2009

Posted by shortfinals in New England, United States.
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Town snowplough
Town snowplough

Well, maybe not the end of the world, but..it is a nasty ‘Nor’easter’. This is a particularly savage type of winter storm that we get here in New England. It starts with an area of low pressure moving up the coast from the Carolinas up towards the Maritime Provinces of Canada.  As the centre of the storm passes just off the coast, the circulation picks up moist air from the (relatively) warm Atlantic, which is dumped at fairly impressive rates over the New England states. Snow at the rate of 2 to 3 inches per hour is not uncommon. Nor’easters are one of the reasons why the Boston area averages around 50 inches of snow per year.

We have just been told that the next 8 hours will see another 12 – 18 inches of snow in our part of Massachusetts (on top of that already on the ground). It is going to be a trying commute, that is for sure! Possibly the only ones clapping their hands with glee are the owners of various ski resorts, just to the north of Boston; and, of course, the legions of skiers and snowboarders who flock to them.

The photograph shows one of our town snowploughs in action.

Car vs building…….and the winner is….. February 16, 2009

Posted by shortfinals in New England, United States, car crash.
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Mercury vs condominium

Mercury vs condominium

Occasionally, bad things happen to good people…..like the driver of this car.

I was sitting in my Lay-Z-Boy recliner, when the whole building shook, then there was a splattering sound as if someone had thrown a shovelful of gravel against the front door of the condominium. When I opened the door, I found that a car had entered the building THROUGH the two glass doors and across the carpeted atrium, impacting the steel-reinforced brick elevator shaft. I was able to render first aid to the elderly driver (her shoe heel had got caught under the accelerator pedal, and she had sped across the car park, up a concrete footpath, and through two glass and metal sets of doors). I stayed with her until the ambulance and the  paramedics arrived…..THEN started shaking! This photograph was taken later, as the police and firemen (aided by a tow truck) began the process of removing the car from the building. Anyone crossing the atrium at the moment of the crash would have stood little chance, as a cloud of metal pieces and glass particles was sprayed across it at high velocity – I was still picking pieces of glass out of our front door days later; ten feet to the left and my Laz-Z-Boy would have needed to be a two-seater…………

In praise of the corrugated iron hut……… February 8, 2009

Posted by shortfinals in Aviation, British Isles, England, New England, Royal Air Force, Second World War, aircraft.
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Corrugated iron huts, Keevil
Corrugated iron huts, Keevil

It all started with an officer in the 29th Company, Royal Engineers. Major Peter Norman Nissen (1871-1930), needed a fast, easy-to-erect building which would offer storage and living space in the field. Since this was 1916, the need was great indeed, and production of the hut, made from curved sheets of corrugated iron was approved immediately. A single hut took 54 sheets of curved corrugated iron, 10 ft 6 ins high and 2 ft 2 ins wide, and a specially braced framework.  By the end of the First World War, around 100, 000 units had been manufactured.

Athough small scale production continued between the wars, it was only the outbreak of World War Two that caused a massive expansion of the building programme. Although the huts could be taken apart, and moved to new locations as required, many formed the backbone of ‘permanent’ buildings on airfields, army barracks, and naval bases worldwide. There were various versions of the hut built, including the  Romney Hut (British) and the Quonset Hut (US). The Quonset Hut was named after Quonset Point, where the Davisville Naval Construction Battalion Center was located (Davisville being a part of North Kingstown, Rhode Island).

These huts are located on Keevil Airfield, Wiltshire, and look to be modified Quonset huts, as these were considerably larger than the British versons, and I have seen a photograph of similar huts at Keevil in 1943. This is possible as Keevil was, at one time, Army Air Force Station 471, home to several US Army Air Corps units. These included the 81st Airdrome Squadron, providing communications and other support to AAC flying units. Herbert Hawkes, who served with the 81st described the conditions at Keevil in 1943 as, ‘mud’!

The huts now serve a variety of uses, the one on the left of the photograph being used by Bannerdown Gliding Club, an RAF GSA Gliding Club, affliated to nearby RAF Lyneham.

Postwar, huts of all three types continued in use in the UK, and in other countries. They housed farm animals and equipment, many when former airfields reverted to agricultural use; they were used to house PoWs, as well as ‘displaced persons’, and, above all, they continued their military careers on bases both large and small. As for Major Nissen, he received a small payment for his efforts, but the Distinguished Service Order from a grateful nation.

A Derbyshire ‘traitor’? February 4, 2009

Posted by shortfinals in British Isles, Derbyshire, England, London, Museums, New England, United States.
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Slater Mill, Pawtucket, Rhode Island
Slater Mill, Pawtucket, Rhode Island

When is a ‘traitor’ not a ‘traitor’? When he’s ‘The Father of the American Industrial Revolution’?

Samuel Slater, the son of a Derbyshire yeoman farmer, was apprenticed to Jedediah Strutt, who along with his business partner, Sir Richard Arkwright, had established the first successful textile mills, at Cromford, Milford and Belper in the Derwent Valley in Derbyshire.
Slater was a brilliant pupil, and learnt the whole method of carding and spinning of yarn, using the machinery designed by Arkwright, and the factory system, by heart.
Shortly after, in 1789, he took ship from London for New York. This was against the law, as England had made it illegal for textile machinery to be exported,or trained textile workers to leave the country. He posed as a farm worker, and was able to seem believable because of his family roots, but he had sewn his intenture papers, proving he had successfully completed his apprenticeship, inside his clothes. Samuel didn’t make it in New York, but a canny Quaker merchant in Rhode Island, one Moses Brown, brought him to New England, and funded the establishment of the first mill. Slater constructed machinery from memory, and by 1790, the mill was spinning cotton. Water power from the Blackstone River was added by 1791, and the mill was soon carding and spinning cotton in quantity.
Later, Slater struck out on his own, and established the mill you see here, Slater Mill, where he instituted the factory system, using children as young as four to help in the mill! He died a wealthy man, owning 13 mills, and having being acknowledged as ‘The Father of the American Industrial Revolution’ by President Andrew Jackson.
The Slater Mill has now been turned into an impressive museum, complete with costumed guides, and the surrounding area has been designated the Blackstone River National Heritage Corridor by the United States government. Strangely, the Derwent River has gone one better, with UNSECO, in 2001, declaring a stretch of the river, to the north of the city of Derby, the Derwent Mills World Heritage Site.
One other, eerie, co-incidence – both the Blackstone and the Derwent are exactly 50 miles long.

Stained glass window February 1, 2009

Posted by shortfinals in New England.
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Stained glass window
Stained glass window

If I look up from my computer terminal at work, and glance across the room, this is what I see. A memorial window to a young girl who died in 1898, it stood for many years in a children’s ward endowed by the family. Elizabeth is depicted wearing a white dress, black buttoned boots, and carrying a lily. Eventually, after many years in sortage, it ended up with us, in the Medical Library.

No longer illuminated by natural light, but backlit by flourescent tubes, it still exhibits that morbid flavour typical of memorials of the period.
It is in the style of Louis Comfort Tiffany, the great New York artist and glassmaker - but is NOT a Tiffany, of course – and is probably the work of a local New England artist.
Stained glass has been with us for over thousand years, either in the form of tinted glass fragments assembled into a mosaic frame of lead channels, or small painted pieces of glass, as with Tiffany and his imitators (although Tiffany also manufactured his own tinted glass, where chemicals which other glassmakers thought of as impurities caused the luminescent colours).
Despite the rather sad nature of the subject, this is still an object of beauty.

Autumn display – hospital grounds January 13, 2009

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Fall display

Fall display

The hospital where I work has some very pretty gardens scattered about the campus, and one of them is close by the new Emergency Department. Each autumn, there are various displays organized to mark the coming of Fall. Here is one of them, complete with scarecrow, cornstalks and a pumpkin. Both the pumpkin and the cornstalks are typical of New England during the autumn, and you can even buy them at roadside farmstands.

The cupola behind the display is from one of the hospital’s buildings, dating from the 1890s, and forms the centre of a walk of inscribed bricks. One of these bricks is dedicated to my parents.

Fall…or autumn, as I still call it January 12, 2009

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Maple, outside my bedroom window

Maple, outside my bedroom window

One compensation for the sticky, hot, summers in New England is the autumnal colours. Quite spectacular in most years.

On a certain morning, in late September, I awoke to a strange pinkish/orange light reflecting from the white-painted ceiling. Looking outside, I could scarcely believe my eyes, for there was a perfect example of a flaming, red maple tree not 40 feet from my bedroom.

Needless to say, I was outside and snapping away as fast as I could. The colour was so fantastic, that motorists were actually sreeching to a halt, and taking pictures with anything they had, phones, PDAs, some even had cameras!

Anyway, here we are – Fall in New England

The first photograph with the ‘new’ Nikon… January 12, 2009

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Common Reed
Common Reed

The first photograph I took with my new Nikon was this…..it shows a reedbed of the Common Reed (Phragmites australis) not far from where I live in New England. This is an impressive plant, growing up to 14 feet in height, and is very opportunistic, in that it can grow either via the spread of rhizomes, just under the surface, or seeds which can be distributed on the wind or by birds.

There is some debate as to whether or not this is an ‘invasive’ species or a true ‘native to New England’ plant. All I know is that is seizes every chance it can to colonize even the smallest patch of wetland, with the previous year’s leaf litter forming a dense mat in which other species cannot thrive.
Whatever the arguments against the Common Reed, I think that it is impressive to look at in late autumn, with the seed heads fully developed, and I enjoyed composing this picture.